Contouring & Measurement of Area and Volume
Introduction, Measurement of Area: Computation of Area of Geometrical Figures- Rectangle, Square, Triangle, Circle, Parallelogram, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Oblique Triangle, Area of a Segment, Regular Polygon. Computation of Area of Irregular Shape– Mid Ordinate Rule, Average Offset Rule, Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s One Third Rule. Measurement Of Volume : Computation of Volume of Irregular Shape– Trapezoidal Rule / End Area Method, Prismoidal / Simpson’s Rule
Topics
In liner measurements,we details discuss about procedure in chain surveying,basic definition of chain surveying- main station, tie station, main survey line, tie line/ subsidiary line, base line, check line/ proof line, offset, chainage, well conditioned triangle.Correction in chaining,limiting length of offsets.
In levelling, we are details discuss about elevation & altitude, reduced level, mean sea level, bench marks(B.M), horizontal line, vertical line, level line, back sight reading, fore sight reading, intermediate sight reading, method to find reduced level, height of instrument, rise and fall method, inverted staff, correction required in levelling work, distance of visible horizon, reciprocal leveling, collimation error, angular / inclination error, sensitivity of bubble tube, the sensitivity of level tube increases with?.