Curve & Setting Out Of Circular Curve
Curve, Horizontal curves are generally of three types, Simple Circular Curve, Compound Curve, Reverse Curve, Broken-back Curve, Basic Definitions- Back tangent, Forward tangent, Vertex or point of intersection, Deflection angle, Point of Curvature (P.C.), Point of tangency(P.T.), Tangent distance (T), External distance (E), Long chord (L), Mid ordinate (M), Length of curve (l), Elements of Circular Curve- Length of Tangent (T), Length of Curve (l), Mid Ordinate (M), Length of Chord (L), External Distance (E) Apex Distance, Chainage of Tangent points, Intermediate Chord Length- For 1st chord, For 2nd to (n-1) chord, For Last chord, No of Intermediate Chord
Topics
In contour, we details discuss about use of contour, contour interval, properties of contour lines, ridge & valley line, overhanging cliff, vertical cliff. Etc.
A theodolite is an important instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles in surveying. The system of surveying in which the angles (both horizontal & vertical) are measured with the help of a theodolite, is called Theodolite surveying.