Fundamentals Of Surveying
SURVEYING, Classification of survey based on the curvature of the earth surface- Plane Survey, Geodetic Survey. Classification of survey based on Place– Land Survey (Topographical Survey, Cadastral Survey, City Survey), Hydrographical Survey, Astronomical Survey. Classification of survey based on Purpose- Engineering Survey, Military Survey, Archaeological Survey, Mine Survey, Geological Survey. Classification of survey based on Instrument- Chain Survey, Compass Survey, Levelling, Plane table Surveying, Theodolite Survey, Tacheometric Survey, Photogrammetric Survey, EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement) Survey. Principal of surveying– Working From Whole To Part, Location of a Point by With Respect to Reference Point. Instruments Used for Various Types of Measurement.
Plan & Map, SCALE, Representation of Scale- Engineer’s Scale, Representation Fraction (RF), Graphical Scale. Shrinkage Factor or Shrinkage Ratio, Error Due to Shrinkage of Map, Error Due to Wrong Measuring Scale, Type of Scales- Plane Scale, Diagonal Scale, Vernier Scale (Direct Vernier, Retrograde Vernier, Extended Vernier, Double Vernier).
Topics
In equipment used in chain surveying,we details discuss about surveying chain, types of chain- revenue chain, gunter’s chain, engineer’s chain, metric chain, suitability of chain, unsuitability of chain, units of measurement, tapes-cloth or linen tape, metallic tape, steel tape, invar tape, pegs, arrows, ranging rods, offset rods, plumb bob, clinometer, cross-staff, optical square, prism square, chain survey instruments, distance measuring device, instruments used for various types of measurement
In fundamentals of surveying (part-1), we details analysis about surveying, classification of survey, principal of surveying, instruments used for various types of measurement.Etc