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In this section we study about the continent such as Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Oceania.

Oceania is the smallest continent of the earth. It spans the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. This continent is also known as the Australia continent. It is surrounded by the Indian, Antarctica, and Pacific Oceans. In the Oceania continent, there are 14 United Nation recognized countries and 28 non-sovereign territories. The largest country of this continent is Australia and the smallest country is Nauru.

South America is the fourth largest continent of the earth.In South America, there are 12 United Nation recognized countries, 3 dependent territories of other countries, and 1 integral territory primarily of non- North American countries. The largest country of this continent is Brazil and the smallest country is Suriname.

North America is the third largest continent of the earth.It covers an area of 24,709,000 square km, almost 16.5% of Earth\’s total land area. It is the fourth most populous continent of the world. In North America, there are 23 United Nation recognized countries, 9 dependent territories of other countries, and 16 integral territories primarily of non- North American countries.

Europe is the second smallest continent of the earth. It is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. The European continent shares borders with the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Black Sea to the southeast and Asia to the east. It covers an area of 10,180,000 square km, almost 6.8% of Earth\’s total land area.

Africa is the second largest continent of the earth. It covers an area of 30,370,000 square km, almost 20% of Earth\’s land area. It is the second-most populous continent of the world. In Africa, there are 54 United Nations recognized countries, 2 de facto states (not recognized by the United Nations), and 11 dependent territories of other countries. The largest country of this continent is Algeria and the smallest country is Seychelles.

Asia is the largest and most diverse continent of the earth. It is located in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres. Asia covers an area of 44,614,000 square km, almost 30% of Earth’s total land area. It is the most populous continent of the world.

The river always plays an important role in the evolution of civilization. The river supplies the water for the growth of animals, plants, and humans. Water is necessary for the development of cities. Therefore, all the major cities in the world are situated near the banks of the river. 

The river always plays an important role in the evolution of civilization. The river supplies the water for the growth of animals, plants, and humans. Water is necessary for the development of cities. Therefore, all the major cities in India are situated near the banks of the river.

In this section, we described India’s National Symbols such as the National flag, the National Anthem, the National Emblem, the National Song, the National Calendar etc.

Puducherry is the sixth largest union territory of India by land and the third populous union territory of India by population. The territory of Puducherry comprises Yanam, Puducherry, Karaikal, and Mahe. Yanam is situated in the district of East Godavari in Andhra Pradesh. Puducherry and Karaikal are situated in the state of Tamil Nadu. Mahe is situated on the Malabar Coast of the Western Ghats and is surrounded by Kerala. 

Lakshadweep is situated in the Arabian Sea. It is one of the eight union territories of India. It is the smallest union territory of India by land and the least populous union territory of India by population.

Ladakh is the largest union territory of India by land and the second-least populous union territory of India by population. It shares borders with Himachal Pradesh to the south and Jammu and Kashmir to the west. It also shares international borders with Tibet to the east, Pakistan to the west, Afghanistan to the northwest and China to the north. 

Jammu and Kashmir is the second largest union territory of India by land and the second populous union territory of India by population.Jammu and Kashmir lie to the north of the Indian states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and to the west of the union territory of Ladakh. It shares an international border with Pakistan to the west.

Delhi is the fourth largest union territory of India by land and the most populous union territory of India by population. It shares borders with Uttar Pradesh to the east and Haryana to the west, north, and south. The National Capital Territory (NCT) is a part of the Union territory of Delhi. It contains New Delhi, the capital of India.

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is the fifth largest union territory of India by land and the fifth most populous union territory of India by population. This union territory formed for four distinct areas located in western India. Daman is the capital city of the union territory and Silvassa is the largest city.

Chandigarh is the second smallest union territory of India by land and the fourth populous union territory of India by population. It shares borders with Haryana to the east and Punjab to the north, the west, and the south. Chandigarh serves as the joint capital of both Punjab and Haryana state. Chandigarh city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the country.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands is one of the eight Union Territories of India. It consists of 572 islands. Of these, 38 are permanently inhabited. It is the third largest union territory of India by land and the sixth most populous union territory of India by population.

West Bengal is situated in India\’s eastern region. It is the thirteenth Indian state by land and the fourth most populous Indian state in India. It shares borders with Odisha to the south, Bihar to the northwest, Jharkhand to the west, Sikkim to the north, Assam to the east. The Bay of Bengal washes its southern frontier. It also shares international borders with Nepal to the northwest, Bhutan to the north, and Bangladesh to the east.

 Uttarakhand is situated in India\’s northern region. It is the eighteenth largest Indian state by land and the nineteenth populous state in India. It shares borders with Uttar Pradesh to the south, Himachal Pradesh to the northwest, Haryana to the west. It also shares international borders with Nepal to the east and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north.